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How are infectious micro-organisms transmitted?

  1. Unclean hands and unclean instruments

  2. Sores and pus, mouth and nose discharge

  3. Shared items such as cups and towels

  4. All of the above

The correct answer is: All of the above

Infectious micro-organisms can be transmitted through various channels, making the comprehensive answer appropriate. Each method of transmission mentioned plays a significant role in the spread of infections. Unclean hands and unclean instruments are critical pathways for transmitting pathogens. When tattoo artists or any healthcare professionals do not maintain hygiene standards, they can introduce harmful micro-organisms into open wounds or broken skin, leading to infections. Sores and pus, as well as discharge from the mouth and nose, also serve as vectors for infectious agents. When an individual has an open sore or expresses respiratory fluids through coughing or sneezing, these discharges can contain pathogens that may infect others upon contact. Additionally, shared items such as cups and towels can harbor infectious micro-organisms if they come into contact with bodily fluids, skin, or mucus. This form of transmission is particularly relevant in situations where personal items are used without adequate sanitation. By highlighting that all these methods can lead to the spread of infections, it becomes clear why the inclusion of all the mentioned options accurately represents a complete understanding of how infectious micro-organisms are transmitted.